AN INNOVATIVE TWO-LEVEL MODEL FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE PARKING LOTS IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY

Abstract

With the rapid growth of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in distribution systems, a new player, called EV parking lot operator (EV PLO), is emerging around the world. Furthermore, the integration of distributed generation in the distribution level, in particular, renewable energy sources (RESs), is leading to the establishment of various markets in distribution systems. On one hand, such PLOs aim at managing their EVs within their parking lots to participate in the distribution markets and to maximize their profits. On the other hand, a distribution system operator (DSO) seeks to minimize the system-wide cost while minimizing renewable power spillage and the side-effects of its intermittency. This interaction inspires the innovative two-level model proposed in this project. In the first level, a new model is proposed for EV PLOs which models the EVs’ characteristics, including EV owners’ uncertainties, in a reasonably accurate manner. These PLOs are allowed to participate in energy, reserve and regulation distribution markets by optimally managing their EVs. In the second level, a new model is developed to ensure that the technical constraints in the distribution networks are met while minimizing the overall system cost. In addition, this work evaluates the effects of the penetration level and the placement of wind and solar PV on the offering strategies of EV parking lots, as well as on the overall performance of the distribution systems.

Existing System

In the existing system, it aims to allocate PLs in distribution systems with the objective of minimizing system costs including power loss, network reliability, and voltage deviation as possible objectives.

Proposed System

This project describes about the Development of an innovative two-level model to optimize the behaviours of EV parking lots in distribution systems. To furnish an innovative stochastic framework to assess the impact of the intermittency, size and placement of wind and solar PV type DGs on the optimal performances of EV parking lots and distribution networks. An innovative two-stage model has been developed to manage a plug-in electric vehicle parking lot. The network constraints are also considered, such as nodal voltage, power flow and upper hand substation limits, considering a two-level optimization. The impacts of size, type and placement of RESs on the performances of both the parking lot and the distribution system have been investigated. The participation of the EV parking lot in multiple electricity markets has been modelled considering the uncertainties of PV and wind power sources, besides each EV owner’s behaviour.

Architecture

The proposed two-level problem

Considered distribution system.